Investigation and clarification of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine / 中国中药杂志

Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.

Comparative study on the methods to determine disintegration time of oral soluble films / 药学学报

Disintegration time is a key parameter that affects the palatability and compliance of oral soluble films. At present, there is no standard method to determine the disintegration time of oral soluble films. In this study, we compared the six methods (pharmacopoeial disintegration method, petri dish method, sponge surface method, slide frame and ball method, partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) and partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached)) to determine the in vitro disintegration time of oral soluble films with different thickness, and evaluated the correlation with the in vivo disintegration time. The results showed that the repeatability and correlation of pharmacopoeial disintegration method and the partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached) were excellent, with the endpoint of disintegration testing easy to determine. Partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached), properly simulating the physiological condition in oral cavity, showed strong operability, good repeatability and in vitro-in vivo correlation, and was suitable for in vitro disintegration evaluation of oral soluble film dosage form. The adult sensory evaluation study was a research-based clinical trial conducted with informed consent from all subjects in accordance with the ethical requirements of Good Clinical Practice.

Analysis of iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Fushun City, Liaoning Province in 2021 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women and thyroid of children in Fushun City, Liaoning Province, and to provide data for formulation of prevention and control programs on iodine deficiency disorders in Fushun.Methods:In 2021, according to population probability proportional sampling method (PPS), 1 street (township) was selected from 7 districts and counties (Dongzhou District, Wanghua District, Dongzhou District, Xinfu District, Fushun County, Xinbin County and Qingyuan County) in Fushun City according to 5 directions (east, south, west, north and middle) and 1 primary school was selected from each street (township). Forty to 50 children aged 8 to 10 from each primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected from each street (township). Urine samples and salt samples of children and pregnant women were collected for urine iodine and salt iodine levels detection, and thyroid gland of children was examined to calculate the goiter rate. Urine iodine was determined by "Determination of Iodine in Urine Part 1: Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As 3+-Ce 4+ Eatalytic Spectrophotometry", salt iodine was determined by "General Test Method in Salt Industry - Determination of Iodine", and children's thyroid was examined by Doppler B-ultrasound. Children iodine nutrition criteria: urinary iodine median < 100 μg/L was iodine deficiency; 100 - < 200 μg/L was suitable for iodine; 200 - < 300 μg/L was more than the appropriate amount of iodine; ≥300 μg/L was iodine excess. Pregnant women iodine nutrition criteria: urinary iodine median < 150 μg/L was iodine deficiency; 150 - < 250 μg/L was suitable for iodine. 250 - < 500 μg/L was more than the appropriate amount of iodine; ≥500 μg/L was iodine excess. Criteria for iodized salt: 18 - 33 mg/kg was qualified iodized salt; < 5 mg/kg was non-iodized salt; 5 - < 18 or > 33 mg/kg was unqualified iodized salt. Results:A total of 1 647 children aged 8 to 10 years were selected, including 829 males and 818 females. The median urinary iodine of children was 203.4 μg/L. The median urinary iodine of children by district and county ranged from 151.6 to 232.4 μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 24.227, P < 0.001). A total of 700 urine samples were collected from pregnant women. The median urine iodine was 164.7 μg/L. The median urine iodine of pregnant women by district and county ranged from 131.3 to 193.0 μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 48.516, P < 0.001). A total of 2 347 salt samples were collected, including 2 329 iodized salt samples, with iodized salt coverage rate of 99.23% (2 329/2 347). There were 2 254 qualified iodized salt samples, and the rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.04% (2 254/2 347). There was no correlation between total urinary iodine level and salt iodine content ( r = 0.129, P > 0.05). The thyroid gland of 1 439 children was examined, and 25 children of them had goiter, with an enlargement rate of 1.74% (25/1 439), lower than the national standard for elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (< 5%), and the difference between counties and districts was statistically significant (χ 2 = 31.692, P < 0.01). Conclusion:The iodine nutrition of 8 to 10 years old children and pregnant women in Fushun City, Liaoning Province in 2021 is basically at an appropriate level, the rate of qualified iodized salt is high, and the goiter rate of children conforms to the national elimination standards of iodine deficiency disorders.

Establishment of Feedforward Control Model for Dry Granulation of Polysaccharide Components Based on Quality by Design / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveA feedforward control model for dry granulation of polysaccharide components was established to guide the adjustment and optimization of critical process parameters （CPPs） in the design space， so as to reduce the impact of fluctuations in raw materials properties on the quality of medicines. MethodTaking Astragali Radix extract powder as the model drug， the design space of dry granulation CPPs was determined by Box-Behnken design. Astragali Radix mixed powder with different powder properties were prepared by mixture design， the variance inflation factor （VIF） was used to diagnose the multicollinearity of the powder properties， and principal component analysis （PCA） was used to extract the characteristic data of the model. Radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） was used to establish a feedforward control model for reflecting the relationship between the powder properties of polysaccharide components， dry granulation CPPs and one-time molding rate. ResultThe design space for dry granulation CPPs of polysaccharide components was 16-35 Hz for feeding speed， 10-23 Hz for roller speed， and 10-46 kg·cm-2 for roller pressure. The established RBFNN feedforward control model had a good predictive effect on the one-time molding rate of dry granulation of polysaccharide components， which could be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， the relative error was 0.38%-6.73%， and the average relative error was 3.42%. ConclusionThe established feedforward control model can well reflect the relationship between the powder properties of the polysaccharide components， the dry granulation CPPs and the one-time molding rate of the granules， which can be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， reduce the impact of material property fluctuation on product quality， and provide ideas for promoting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine from passive control to active control.

Analysis on the law of height growth spurt in adolescence of children and adolescents in Zhongshan City / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, and to explore the law of the sudden increase in adolescent height in this area, and to understand the law of height growth spurt in adolescence by longitudinal tracking of the height of children and adolescents in Zhong-shan City.@*METHODS@#Based on the physical examination database of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2016, individuals who had been continuously tracked for more than 6 times were selected as research samples. SITAR model was used to fit the height data of the sample population, and the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity were calcula-ted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 49 579 subjects were included in this study, including 26 524 boys and 26 008 urban students. The median follow-up ages of boys and girls were 7.74 and 7.72 years, respectively. The boy's height spurt peak age was (12.72±0.89) years, and later than the girls at the age of (10.98±0.95) years (t=207.639, P < 0.001), the boy's height spurt peak velocity of (10.12±1.49) cm/year, higher than the girls of (8.35±1.12) cm/year (t=150.826, P < 0.001). The gender differences of height spurt peak age and height spurt peak speed in urban and rural students were consistent with the whole sample. The height surge peak age of urban male students was earlier than that of rural male students, and the height surge peak speed of urban female students was lower than that of rural female students.@*CONCLUSION@#The peak age of the surge of girls was earlier than that of boys, but the peak rate of the surge of girls was lower than that of boys, the peak age of urban students was earlier than that of rural students, but the peak rate of urban boys was lower than that of rural boys in Guangdong Province.

Cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers predict hematoma expansion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and early hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).Methods:Patients with sICH admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. All patients received noncontrast CT (NCCT) within 6 h after onset. Within 24 h after the initial NCCT examination, they were reexamed to determine whether HE occurred, and brain MRI examination was completed within 48 h after onset. HE was defined as the increase of hematoma volume on NCCT reexamination by >33% or >6 ml compared with the baseline. NCCT was used to evaluate the abnormal morphology and density signs, including blend sign, swirl sign, black hole sign, island sign, and satellite sign. MRI was used to evaluate CSVD imaging markers, including lacunar infarcts (LIs), enlarged perivascular space (EPVS), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and cortical superficial siderosis (CSS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for HE. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of imaging markers for HE in patients with sICH. Results:A total of 216 patients with sICH were included. Their age was 57±15 years, 113 (61.6%) were male, 88 (40.7%) had HE, 123 (56.9%) had NCCT signs, 122 (56.5%) had CMBs, 143 (66.2%) had WMHs, 44 (20.4%) had CSS, 25 (11.6%) had LIs, and 31 (14.4%) had EPVS. The baseline hematoma volume, blood calcium, the modified Rankin Scale score and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, and detection rates of NCCT signs, CMBs, WMHs and CSS in the HE group were significantly higher than those in the non-HE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the blood calcium (odds ratio [ OR] 0.040, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.004-0.238; P=0.001), any NCCT signs ( OR 3.275, 95% CI 1.492-7.188; P=0.003), CMBs grade 4 ( OR 3.591, 95% CI 1.146-11.250; P=0.028), CSS ( OR 3.008, 95% CI 1.214-7.452; P=0.017), NCCT signs+ CMBs grade 3 ( OR 3.390, 95% CI 1.035-11.102; P=0.044), NCCT signs+ CMBs grade 4 ( OR 5.473, 95% CI 1.352-22.161; P=0.017), and NCCT signs+ CSS ( OR 3.544, 95% CI 1.215-10.336; P=0.021) were the independent risk factors for HE in patients with sICH. ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of NCCT signs, CMBs and CSS for predicting HE were 81.8%, 64.8% and 34.1%, respectively, and the specificity were 60.2%, 60.9% and 89.1%, respectively. The predictive sensitivity of NCCT signs+ CMBs and NCCT signs+ CSS (59.1% and 30.7%, respectively) was lower than that of single imaging marker, while the specificity (78.1% and 93.7%, respectively) was higher than that of single imaging marker. Conclusions:The imaging markers of CSVD are closely associated with the risk of HE in patients with sICH. Severe CMBs and CSS are the independent risk factors for HE in patients with sICH. The specificity of NCCT signs combined with CSVD imaging markers for predicting HE is increased but the sensitivity decreased.

Prediction of Disintegration Time of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tablets Based on Generalized Regression Neural Network / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This paper constructs a generalized regression neural network （GRNN） model to predict the disintegration time of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） tablets. Method:Taking Astragali Radix as a model drug， the mixed Astragali Radix powders with different powder properties were prepared by mixing Astragali Radix extract powders with microcrystalline cellulose and lactose， which were made to Astragali Radix tablets by direct compression method. The powder properties of mixed Astragali Radix powders and the disintegration time of Astragali Radix tablets were determined， respectively. The correlation between the original data was eliminated by principal component analysis （PCA）. The principal component factors were used as the input layer of the GRNN model， and the disintegration time was used as the output layer for network training. Finally， the verification group data was used to predict the disintegration time， and the network prediction accuracy was calculated by comparing with the actual value. Result:Three principal component factors were obtained through PCA by analyzing the original nine variables that were correlated with each other （Hausner ratio， true density， tap density， compression degree， angle of repose， bulk density， porosity， water content and total dissolved solids）， which reduced the complexity of the network. The prediction value of the disintegration time based on this prediction method was in good agreement with the actual value， the error of disintegration time was 0.01-1.34 min and the average relative error was 3.16%. Conclusion:Based on the GRNN mathematical model， the physical properties of Astragali Radix extract powders can be used to accurately predict the disintegration time of Astragali Radix tablets， which provides a reference for studying the disintegration time of TCM tablets.

Application advantages and prospect of three-dimensional printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Application of three-dimensional printing technology provides an effective supplementary means for minimally invasive and individualized surgery of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the present situation of diagnosis and treatment of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau, and to look forward to the effect of three-dimensional printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords of “the fracture of tibial plateau, posterior column, 3D printing technology” in Chinese and English, respectively. Totally 210 articles were retrieved, and 56 eligible articles were finally included for review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The detailed contents included classification of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau, surgical treatment, application status of three-dimensional printing technology and postoperative rehabilitation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Posterior column fracture of tibial plateau is a special type of plateau fracture, so the traditional method may lead to misdiagnosis. However, the solid model based on three-dimensional printing can directly make diagnosis, and analyze the injury mechanism and classification. In the treatment of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau, there are various traditional surgical approaches to choose: The posterior approach (postmedial approach, posterolateral approach), backward medial inverted “L” into the approach, anterolateral/anterolateral approach, anterolateral posterolateral combined approach, arthroscopy minimally invasive treatment and so on, but have not been unified yet. The application of three-dimensional printing technology has further improved the diagnosis and classification of posterior column fracture of tibial plateau, and provides a reference for preoperative guidance of personalized surgical plan, surgical approach selection, estimation of intraoperative bone implant volume and postoperative rehabilitation.

Effect of parental training based on Early Start Denver Model combined with intensive training on children with autism spectrum disorder and its impact on parenting stress / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of parental training based on the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) combined with intensive training on the treatment outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its impact on parenting stress.@*METHODS@#Seventy children aged 2-5 years who were diagnosed with ASD were enrolled in the study. They were divided into an ESDM group and a parental training group by the random number table method (n=35 each). The ESDM group received intensive training based on ESDM. In addition to intensive ESDM-based training, parents of the children in the parental training group received ESDM skills training. Both groups were assessed by Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) before and after the intervention of 3 months.@*RESULTS@#After 3 months of intervention, the total scores of ABC, CARS and ATEC were both significantly decreased in the two groups (P0.05). The change between ABC, CARS and ATEC total scores in the two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the total scores of PSI-SF were both significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). The difficult child sub-scale scores in PSI-SF were significantly decreased in the ESDM group (P<0.05). While three sub-scale scores of parent distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child in PSI-SF were significantly decreased in the parental training group (P<0.05). Before and after intervention of 3 months, no significant difference was found in PSI-SF total scores between the two groups. Compared with the ESDM group, the change between PSI-SF total scores and two sub-scales of PSI-SF (parent distress and difficult child) were significantly bigger in the parental training group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both the combination of intensive training and parent training based on ESDM and ESDM intensive training alone can improve the core symptoms of children with ASD aged 2-5 years and relieve the parenting stress, however, the former is more effective in relieving parenting stress.

Research on Bayesian fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation based on failure model and effect analysis (FMEA) / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to construct a Bayesian(BN) fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation based on the failure model and effect analysis(FMEA), effectively control risk factors and ensure the quality of granules.Firstly, the risk ana-lysis of dry granulation process was carried out with FMEA, and the selected medium and high risk factors were taken as node variables to establish corresponding BN network with causality.According to the mathematical reasoning method of probability theory, the model was accurately inferred and verified by Netica, and the granule nonconformance was used as the evidence for reversed reasoning to determine the most likely cause of the failure that affected the granule quality.The BN fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry gra-nulation was established based on the medium and high risk factors of process, prescription and equipment screened out by FMEA, such as roller pressure, raw material viscosity, clearance between rollers in the paper.The fault diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation process was then carried out according to the model, and the posterior probability of each node under the premise of nonconforming granule quality was obtained.This method could provide strong support for operators to quickly eliminate faults and make decisions, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy for fault diagnosis and prediction, with innovation in its application.

Janus kinase 3 facilitates the migration of breast cancer cells by store-operated calcium channel / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) on the migration of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. The expression of JAK3 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells was silenced by siRNA (siJAK3). The migration ability of MCF-7 cells was detected by scratch test. The activity of store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) was detected by fluorescence calcium imaging. The expression levels of Orai1 and STIM1, key molecules in the process of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. The results showed that 2-APB, an inhibitor of SOCC, could inhibit the migration ability of MCF-7 cells. siJAK3 transfection significantly inhibited the migration ability of MCF-7 cells, decreased the activity of SOCC, and down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of Orai1 and Stim1. Over-expression of Orai1 or STIM1 in JAK3-silenced cells restored their migration ability. These results suggest that JAK3 facilitates the migration of breast cancer cells by SOCC.

Expression of MiR-155 in Tissue of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Its Effect on Cell Biological Characteristics / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of miR-155 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore the effect of transfection of miR-155 inhibitor on the biological characteristics of DLBCL cells.@*METHODS@#A total of 76 patients with DLBCL treated in our hospital were selected from April 2013 to December 2017. In the same time, 40 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (LNRH) were selected as control group. DB cells were cultured and divided into miR-155 inhibitor, negative control and blank groups. The expressions of miR-155 in DLBCL, negative and blank control groups were detected by using real-time PCR, the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay.@*RESULTS@#The relative expression level of miR-155 in tissues of DLBCL patients was significantly higher than that in tissne of controls (1.93±0.16 vs 1.01±0.09) (t=33.991, P=0.000). The expression level of miR-155 increased (P＜0.05) in DLBCL patients with LDH level abnormarity, BCL-2, MUM1, Ki-67≥50%, non-GC type, Ann Arbor stage III-IV, extranodal lesion number≥2 and IPI score 3-5. The relative expression level of miR-155 in the miR-155 inhibitor group was lower than that in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05). The absorbance (A) values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of culture in the miR-155 inhibitor group were lower than those in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05), while the apoptotic rate was higher than that in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05). Both the migrating cells and invading cell number in the miR-155 inhibitor group were lower than those in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The miR-155 highly expresses in DLBCL tissue, which relates with tumor malignancy and invasion progression. The specific inhibition of miR-155 expression in DB cells can reduce cell proliferation, accelerate cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration and invasion.

A multicenter study on the clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods A retrospective study was carried out in the infants with NEC admitted to 6 cooperative hospitals in Guangdong Province between January 2005 and December 2014.The clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in preterm and full-term infants diagnosed NEC,early onset and late onset NEC were analyzed.Results A total of 449 cases who met the criteria were admitted during the study time.The mortality was 23.6％ (106/449 cases),of which the preterm group was 24.6％ (58/238 cases) while the full-term group was 22.7％ (48/211 cases),the early onset group was 22.1％ (45/204 cases) while the late onset group was 24.3％ (57/235 cases).The median number of NEC onset in preterm group was 11 d after birth while the number of the full-term group was 6 d.Full-term infants who diagnosed NEC were more likely to manifest themselves as abdominal distension (52.1％ vs.42.0％,x2 =4.597,P =0.032),vomiting(36.5％ vs.17.2％,x2 =21.428,P =0.000) and bloody stool(30.3％ vs.21.4％,x2 =4.653,P =0.031);but in the onset of NEC,preterm infants more likely to have feeding intolerance (21.0％ vs.12.8％,x2=5.309,P =0.021).The early onset group of full-term NEC was much common in twins or multiplets(9.4％ vs.1.1％,x2 =6.226,P =0.013),which rate of surgical therapy was much higher (41.0％ vs.27.0％,P =0.036) and the breast-feeding rate before NEC was lower than the late onset group(14.5％ vs.32.6％,x2 =9.500,P =0.002),the differences were statistically significant.The gestational age and birth weight were bigger in the early onset group of preterm NEC[(33.8 ±2.5) weeks vs.(32.2 ±2.8) weeks,t =4.261,P =0.000;(2.1 ±0.5) kg vs.(1.7 ± 0.5) kg,t =4.735,P =0.000)],but length of stay was shorter than the late onset group (18.0 d vs.26.5 d,P =0.000).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of poor prognosis of full-term NEC were shock,peritonitis and sepsis;while risk factors of poor prognosis of preterm NEC were small for gestational age infant,pulmonary hemorrhage,shock,intestinal perforation and sepsis;the risk factors of poor prognosis of the early onset group of full-term NEC was shock;while those of the late onset group were shock and peritonitis;the risk factors of poor prognosis in the early onset group of preterm NEC were shock and sepsis,while those in the late onset group were pulmonary hemorrhage,shock,intestinal perforation and sepsis.Conclusions Compared to the preterm NEC,the onset time of full-term NEC was earlier and the clinical manifestations were more typical.Early identification and management of shock,peritonitis,intestinal perforation,sepsis and pulmonary hemorrhage can reduce the risk of poor prognosis of neonate NEC.

The epidemiological characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from 7 provinces in China, 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and related factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 7 provinces in China.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 93 primary and secondary schools were selected from Guangdong, Hunan, Liaoning provinces, Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin municipalities and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, 2012. A total of 16 434 students aged 6-17 years old with completed physical and lipid profiles parameters were selected into this study from above 93 primary and secondary schools. Dyslipidemia was determined by the definition of Expert Advice on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents in 2009. Logistic regression model was used to explore the factors related to dyslipidemia.@*Results@#The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and dyslipidemia was 5.4% (887 cases), 15.7% (2 578 cases), 3.0% (492 cases), 13.5% (2 221 cases) and 28.5% (4 679 cases) among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.24), sedentary time >10 hours per day (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28), overweight (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.70), and obesity (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 2.31-2.96) were significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in 7 provinces in China, 2012. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week, sedentary time >10 hours per day, overweight and obesity might be the risk factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.

Preliminary application of Early Start Denver Model in children with autism spectrum disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty children aged 2-5 years who were diagnosed with ASD from September 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into conventional intervention group and ESDM intervention group (n=20 each). Both groups were assessed by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale before intervention and by the ABC, CARS, CGI-S scale, and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale after 3 months of intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 months of intervention, the total scores of ABC and CARS were both significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0.01); the scores on the social withdrawal and hyperactivity subscales of ABC were significantly decreased in the conventional intervention group (P<0.01), and the scores on the mood swings, social withdrawal, hyperactivity, and stereotyped behavior subscales of ABC were significantly decreased in the ESDM intervention group (P<0.01). Compared with the conventional intervention group, the ESDM intervention group had significantly greater changes in total score of ABC, scores on three subscales of ABC (mood swings, social withdrawal, and hyperactivity), and total score of CARS after intervention (P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the CGI-I scoring system showed that the disease improvement was significantly better in the ESDM intervention group than in the conventional intervention group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both conventional intervention and ESDM intervention can improve the social withdrawal and hyperactivity in children with ASD aged 2 to 5 years, but ESDM is more effective in improving the aberrant behavior of children with ASD.</p>

Design of Spatial Trajectory Crawl Training Device / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To design a space crawl training device.This device could achieve oval movement by rotating the wheel to drive the handle of the upper limb.At the same time,the leg support is driven to rotate about 30 degrees to 0 de-grees,which can assist the user to complete the entire crawling. Methods The structure of the device was modeled using SolidWorks.Then the whole device was simulated by using SolidWorks Motion,and the dynamic analysis was completed by calculation.Finally,the main force components from SolidWorks were imported into ANSYS Workbench for static analysis. Results and Conclusion The designed space trajectory crawling training device can assist the user to complete the scheduled crawling movement,and the strength checking of the key components meets the strength requirements.

Structural confirmation of sulconazole sulfoxide as the primary degradation product of sulconazole nitrate / 药物分析学报

Sulconazole has been reported to degrade into sulconazole sulfoxide via sulfur oxidation; however, structural characterization data was lacking and the potential formation of an N-oxide or sulfone could not be excluded. To clarify the degradation pathways and incorporate the impurity profile of sulconazole into the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF) monographs, a multifaceted approach was utilized to confirm the identity of the degradant. The approach combines stress testing of sulco-nazole nitrate, chemical synthesis of the degradant via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation reaction, semi-preparative HPLC purification, and structural elucidation by LC―MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Structural determination was primarily based on the comparison of spectroscopic data of sulconazole and the oxidative degradant. The mass spectrometric data have revealed a McLafferty-type rearrange-ment as the characteristic fragmentation pathway for alkyl sulfoxides with aβ-hydrogen atom, and was used to distinguish the sulfoxide from N-oxide or sulfone derivatives. Moreover, the generated sulco-nazole sulfoxide was utilized as reference material for compendial procedure development and valida-tion, which provides support for USP monograph modernization.

Problems in China pharmaceutical compulsory licensing system and their solutions / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The Doha Declaration has entrusted to the members of WHO the right to use the compulsory licensing for drug patents in the face of global public health crises.Although the basic compulsory licensing system for drug patents has been established in China, the efficiency of its implementation is low, the responsibility of its executive departments is unclear, the related rules are not fully understood by pharmaceutical enterprises, it is thus necessary to improve and perfect the relevant legal provisions and systems in order to effectively improve the accessibility of drugs.

Screening of active components of Jitongning Tablet by liposome equilibrium dialysis and LC-MS analysis / 中草药

Objective: To explore the interaction between the effective components of Jitongning Tablet (JT) and liposome biomembrance, in order to predict in vivo absorption of the effective components. Methods: Liposome as the model of biomembrance, active components were screened by liposome equilibrium dialysis and LC-MS; And the effect of experiment conditions on the interaction of the liposome concentration, and the pH value of buffer were also investigated. Results: There were 11 compounds in JT with obvious interaction with liposome, including 4 flavonoids, 2 triterpenoid, 4 coumarins, and 1 phenylpropionic acid. The concentration of liposome and pH value of buffer remarkably affected the interaction between JT and liposome. Conclusion: The established method contributes to predicting the multiple components absorption in body, indicating the potentially active compounds and providing reference for further research of pharmacodynamic substance basis.

Diagnosis and treatment of anterior pilon fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnosis,operation characteristics and clinical effect of anterior Pilon fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze 13 patients who had been treated for anterior pilon fracture from September 2012 to March 2014.All had fresh closed fracture.Mean age was 39.8 years (range,18-61 years).Injury resulted from high falls in 11 patients and falls in 2 patients.According to the preoperative imaging manifestations and four column fracture classification,the fracture type was mainly anterior column fracture.All underwent open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates,and allograft bone was performed in 8 patients.At the last followup,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale(VAS) were employed for clinical evaluation.Results Mean period of follow-up was 15.7 months (range,12-30 months).Mean AOFAS score was 91.38 points (range,74-100 points).Excellent results were found in 10 patients,good in 2 and fair in 1,with the excellent-good rate of 92％.Mean VAS score was 1.08 points (range,0-3 points).Traumatic arthritis occurred in 1 patient.Skin necrosis occurred in 1 patient,and was cured by dressing change.There were no complications such as infection,refracture or implant failure.Conclusions Mechanism of injury in anterior pilon fracture is vertical violence when the foot in dorsiflexion position.Imaging findings are mainly characterized by the compression in anterior articular surface of the distal tibia,which is often implicated in the anterior medial malleolus but in part is combined with lateral malleolus fracture.The fracture is the result of high energy injury,and can be diagnosed by mechanism of injury and imaging manifestations.Through anterior approach,open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates plus allogenic bone grafting obtain satisfactory outcomes.